Индифферент писал(а):
Игорь писал(а):
Сталкер писал(а):
Игорь писал(а):
Луну-25 уже 4 года пытаетесь к Луне запустить - безрезультатно.
Расскажи как кто-то кроме нас на Луну летал
Да никуда никто вообще не летал.
А луноходы сняли на Мосфильме.
Куда ты мог летать, иплан криворукий - если сейчас ничего на Луну отправить не можешь?
)
Совсем недавно, полгода назад, 16 ноября 2022 года, к Луне полетела сверхтяжелая ракета SLS (Space Launch System - Система космических запусков). Полетела без экипажа, в тестовом режиме. Программа называлась "Артемида-1". Ракета-носитель SLS вывела космический корабль "Орион" на траекторию к Луне и там, при подлёте к Луне, "Орион" выполнил гравитационный манёвр.
Впервые в мире гравитационный манёвр выполнила советская космическая станция "Луна-3" в 1959 году. При подлёте к Луне "Луна-3" была захвачена гравитационным полем Луны и вследствие этого автоматическая межпланетная станция изменила плоскость своей орбиты. А вот американцы смогли повторить такой манёвр только через 43 года после СССР.
Ошибочка!
Между 1959 и 1973 никак не 43 года, а 14!
Когда понадобилось тогда и повторили
А расчеты маневра , амеры гораздо раньше сделали
Pioneer 10
NASA's Pioneer 10 is a space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter.[19] Thereafter, Pioneer 10 became the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System[b
]. In December 1973, Pioneer 10 spacecraft was the first one to use the gravitational slingshot effect to reach escape velocity to leave Solar System.[20][21]
[/b]
Да и так уж важно ли когда кто выполнил
Те же янки зато феноменальных рекордных скоростей Вояджеров добились, используя Юпитер и Сатурн для гравитационных маневров
А давай их все, гравитационные маневры, пожалуй! Мне тоже стало интересно!
Luna 3
The gravity assist maneuver was first attempted in 1959 for Luna 3, to photograph the far side of the Moon.[17] The satellite did not gain speed, but its orbit was changed that allowed successful transmission of the photos.[18]
Pioneer 10
NASA's Pioneer 10 is a space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter.[19] Thereafter, Pioneer 10 became the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System. In December 1973, Pioneer 10 spacecraft was the first one to use the gravitational slingshot effect to reach escape velocity to leave Solar System.[20][21]
Pioneer 11
Pioneer 11 was launched by NASA in 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, solar winds, and cosmic rays.[19] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter. To get to Saturn, the spacecraft got a gravity assist on Jupiter.[22][23][24]
Mariner 10
The Mariner 10 probe was the first spacecraft to use the gravitational slingshot effect to reach another planet, passing by Venus on 5 February 1974 on its way to becoming the first spacecraft to explore Mercury.[25]
Voyager 1
Voyager 1 was launched by NASA on September 5, 1977. It gained the energy to escape the Sun's gravity by performing slingshot maneuvers around Jupiter and Saturn.[26] Having operated for 45 years, 8 months and 29 days as of June 3, 2023 UTC [refresh], the spacecraft still communicates with the Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided[27] by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 152.2 AU (22.8 billion km; 14.1 billion mi) from Earth as of January 12, 2020,[28] it is the most distant human-made object from Earth.[29]
Voyager 2
Voyager 2 was launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, to study the outer planets. Its trajectory took longer to reach Jupiter and Saturn than its twin spacecraft but enabled further encounters with Uranus and Neptune.[30]
Galileo
The Galileo spacecraft was launched by NASA in 1989 and on its route to Jupiter get three gravity assists, one from Venus (February 10, 1990), and two from Earth (December 8, 1990 and December 8, 1992). Spacecraft reached Jupiter in December 1995. Gravity assists also allowed Galileo to flyby two asteroids, 243 Ida and 951 Gaspra.[31][32]
Ulysses
In 1990, NASA launched the ESA spacecraft Ulysses to study the polar regions of the Sun. All the planets orbit approximately in a plane aligned with the equator of the Sun. Thus, to enter an orbit passing over the poles of the Sun, the spacecraft would have to eliminate the speed it inherited from the Earth's orbit around the Sun and gain the speed needed to orbit the Sun in the pole-to-pole plane. It was achieved by a gravity assist from Jupiter on February 8, 1992.[33][34]
MESSENGER
The MESSENGER mission (launched in August 2004) made extensive use of gravity assists to slow its speed before orbiting Mercury. The MESSENGER mission included one flyby of Earth, two flybys of Venus, and three flybys of Mercury before finally arriving at Mercury in March 2011 with a velocity low enough to permit orbit insertion with available fuel. Although the flybys were primarily orbital maneuvers, each provided an opportunity for significant scientific observations.[35][36]
Cassini
The Cassini–Huygens spacecraft was launched from Earth on 15 October 1997, followed by gravity assist flybys of Venus (26 April 1998 and 21 June 1999), Earth (18 August 1999), and Jupiter (30 December 2000). Transit to Saturn took 6.7 years, the spacecraft arrived at 1 July 2004.[37][38] Its trajectory was called "the Most Complex Gravity-Assist Trajectory Flown to Date" in 2019.[39]
Cassini interplanetary trajectory
Animation of Cassini's trajectory from 15 October 1997 to 4 May 2008
Cassini–Huygens · Jupiter · Saturn · Earth · Venus · 2685 Masursky
Cassini's speed relative to the Sun. Gravity assists form peaks to the left, while periodic variations on the right are caused by the spacecraft's orbit around Saturn.
After entering orbit around Saturn, the Cassini spacecraft used multiple Titan gravity assists to achieve significant changes in the inclination of its orbit as well so that instead of staying nearly in the equatorial plane, the spacecraft's flight path was inclined well out of the plane of the rings.[40] A typical Titan encounter changed the spacecraft's velocity by 0.75 km/s, and the spacecraft made 127 Titan encounters. These encounters enabled an orbital tour with a wide range of periapsis and apoapsis distances, various alignments of the orbit with respect to the Sun, and orbital inclinations from 0° to 74°. The multiple flybys of Titan also allowed Cassini to flyby other moons, such as Rhea and Enceladus.[citation needed]
Rosetta
Animation of Rosetta's trajectory from 2 March 2004 to 9 September 2016
Rosetta · 67P/C-G · Earth · Mars · 21 Lutetia · 2867 Šteins
The Rosetta probe, launched in March 2004, used four gravity assist maneuvers (including one just 250 km from the surface of Mars, and three assists from Earth) to accelerate throughout the inner Solar System. That enabled it to flyby the asteroids 21 Lutetia and 2867 Šteins as well as eventually match the velocity of the 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko comet at the rendezvous point in August 2014.[41][42]
New Horizons
New Horizons was launched by NASA in 2006, and reached Pluto in 2015. In 2007 it performed a gravity assist on Jupiter.[43][44]
Juno
The Juno spacecraft was launched on August 5, 2011 (UTC). The trajectory used a gravity assist speed boost from Earth, accomplished by an Earth flyby in October 2013, two years after its launch on August 5, 2011.[45] In that way Juno changed its orbit (and speed) toward its final goal, Jupiter, after only five years.
Parker Solar Probe
Parker Solar Probe, launched by NASA in 2018, has seven planned Venus gravity assists. Each gravity assist bring Parker Solar Probe progressively closer to the Sun. As of 2022, the spacecraft performed five of its seven assists. Parker Solar Probe's mission will make the closest approach to the Sun by any space mission.[46][47][48]
Solar Orbiter
Solar Orbiter was launched by ESA in 2020. In its initial cruise phase, which lasts until November 2021, Solar Orbiter performed two gravity-assist manoeuvres around Venus and one around Earth to alter the spacecraft's trajectory, guiding it towards the innermost regions of the Solar System. The first close solar pass will take place on 26 March 2022 at around a third of Earth's distance from the Sun.[49]
BepiColombo
BepiColombo is a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to the planet Mercury. It was launched on 20 October 2018. It will use the gravity assist technique with Earth once, with Venus twice, and six times with Mercury. It will arrive in 2025. BepiColombo is named after Giuseppe (Bepi) Colombo who was a pioneer thinker with this way of maneuvers.[50]
Lucy
Lucy was launched by NASA on 16 October 2021. It gained one gravity assist from Earth on the 16th of October, 2022,[51] and after a flyby of the main-belt asteroid 152830 Dinkinesh it will gain another in 2024.[52] In 2025, it will fly by the inner main-belt asteroid 52246 Donaldjohanson.[53] In 2027, it will arrive at the L4 Trojan cloud (the Greek camp of asteroids that orbits about 60° ahead of Jupiter), where it will fly by four Trojans, 3548 Eurybates (with its satellite), 15094 Polymele, 11351 Leucus, and 21900 Orus.[54] After these flybys, Lucy will return to Earth in 2031 for another gravity assist toward the L5 Trojan cloud (the Trojan camp which trails about 60° behind Jupiter), where it will visit the binary Trojan 617 Patroclus with its satellite Menoetius in 2033.
Гравитационные маневры - это не состязания, кто первый на беговую дорожку выйдет!
ЗЫ Тыкаешь правой мышкой по тексту и выбираешь "Перевести на русский," кто если забыл как это делается)
